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Node.js 数据库 CRUD 项目示例

news 来源：原创 2025/4/26 21:16:24

希望使用Nodejs操作数据库做CRUD，用deepseek实战搜索“使用Nodejs对数据库表做CRUD的项目例子”，找到了解决方案，如下图所示：

项目结构

nodejs-crud-example/
├── config/
│   └── db.js          # 数据库连接配置
├── controllers/
│   └── userController.js # 业务逻辑
├── models/
│   └── userModel.js   # 数据库操作
├── routes/
│   └── userRoutes.js  # 路由定义
├── app.js             # 应用入口
├── package.json
└── README.md

1. 初始化项目

mkdir nodejs-crud-example
cd nodejs-crud-example
npm init -y
npm install express mysql2 body-parser cors

2. 配置数据库连接 (config/db.js)

const mysql = require('mysql2/promise');const pool = mysql.createPool({host: 'localhost',user: 'root',password: 'yourpassword',database: 'testdb',waitForConnections: true,connectionLimit: 10,queueLimit: 0
});module.exports = pool;

3. 创建模型 (models/userModel.js)

const pool = require('../config/db');class User {static async getAll() {const [rows] = await pool.query('SELECT * FROM users');return rows;}static async getById(id) {const [rows] = await pool.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [id]);return rows[0];}static async create(name, email) {const [result] = await pool.query('INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)',[name, email]);return { id: result.insertId, name, email };}static async update(id, name, email) {await pool.query('UPDATE users SET name = ?, email = ? WHERE id = ?',[name, email, id]);return { id, name, email };}static async delete(id) {await pool.query('DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?', [id]);return true;}
}module.exports = User;

4. 创建控制器 (controllers/userController.js)

const User = require('../models/userModel');exports.getAllUsers = async (req, res) => {try {const users = await User.getAll();res.json(users);} catch (err) {res.status(500).json({ message: err.message });}
};exports.getUser = async (req, res) => {try {const user = await User.getById(req.params.id);if (!user) {return res.status(404).json({ message: 'User not found' });}res.json(user);} catch (err) {res.status(500).json({ message: err.message });}
};exports.createUser = async (req, res) => {try {const { name, email } = req.body;const newUser = await User.create(name, email);res.status(201).json(newUser);} catch (err) {res.status(400).json({ message: err.message });}
};exports.updateUser = async (req, res) => {try {const { name, email } = req.body;const updatedUser = await User.update(req.params.id, name, email);res.json(updatedUser);} catch (err) {res.status(400).json({ message: err.message });}
};exports.deleteUser = async (req, res) => {try {await User.delete(req.params.id);res.json({ message: 'User deleted successfully' });} catch (err) {res.status(500).json({ message: err.message });}
};

5. 创建路由 (routes/userRoutes.js)

const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const userController = require('../controllers/userController');// CRUD 路由
router.get('/', userController.getAllUsers);
router.get('/:id', userController.getUser);
router.post('/', userController.createUser);
router.put('/:id', userController.updateUser);
router.delete('/:id', userController.deleteUser);module.exports = router;

6. 应用入口 (app.js)

const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const cors = require('cors');
const userRoutes = require('./routes/userRoutes');const app = express();// 中间件
app.use(cors());
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));// 路由
app.use('/api/users', userRoutes);// 错误处理
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {console.error(err.stack);res.status(500).json({ message: 'Something broke!' });
});// 启动服务器
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => {console.log(`Server is running on port ${PORT}`);
});

7. 创建数据库表

在 MySQL 中执行以下 SQL 创建 users 表：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE, created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );

8. 测试 API

你可以使用 Postman 或 curl 测试这些端点：

获取所有用户: GET /api/users
访问http://localhost:3000/api/users
结果为：
获取单个用户: GET /api/users/1
访问http://localhost:3000/api/users/1

创建用户:

在cmd窗口中执行

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name":"John Doe","email":"john@example.com"}' http://localhost:3000/api/users

更新用户:

在cmd窗口中执行

curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name":"John Updated","email":"john.new@example.com"}' http://localhost:3000/api/users/1