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数据库安装和升级和双主配置

news 来源：原创 2025/4/25 9:24:43

备份和导入数据
./mysqldump -u root -p123321 test > test.sql

rsync -av test.sql root@192.168.0.212:/usr/local/mysql/

./mysql -uroot -p test < …/test.sql

sudo tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

设置目录权限

sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

进入MySQL的bin目录

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

执行初始化（生成临时root密码记住该密码！！！）

sudo ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

记录生成的临时密码（在输出日志中查找）

输出示例：A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XXXXXXXX

-------------修改配置vi /etc/my.cnf
#[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

#symbolic-links=0

Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

添加以下内容（按需修改路径）

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

双M结构（互为主备）配置开始

server-id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 1

主库配置（确保只记录目标库的变更）

binlog-do-db = test

从库配置（确保只同步目标库的变更）

replicate-do-db = test

双M结构（互为主备）配置结束

[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

#[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
#pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

include all files from the config directory

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
-------------结束修改配置vi /etc/my.cnf

添加系统服务（可选）

sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动服务

sudo service mysqld start

检查状态

sudo service mysqld status

登录MySQL

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

执行简单查询

SHOW DATABASES;
SELECT VERSION();

修改root密码：
UPDATE mysql.user SET Host=‘%’ WHERE User=‘root’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
ALTER USER ‘root’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123321’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

-------双主配置开始

– 在两个服务器都执行：
CREATE USER ‘repl’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘StrongPassword’;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO ‘repl’@‘%’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

stop slave;
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.0.211’,
MASTER_USER=‘repl’,
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_PASSWORD=‘StrongPassword’,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
START SLAVE;

SHOW SLAVE STATUS;

stop slave;
RESET MASTER;

-------双主配置结束

--------升级
sudo tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql