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Kafka批量消费部分处理成功时的手动提交方案

news 来源：原创 2025/4/29 12:41:15

Kafka批量消费部分处理成功时的手动提交方案

当使用Kafka批量消费时，如果500条消息中只有部分处理成功，需要谨慎处理偏移量提交以避免消息丢失或重复消费。以下是几种处理方案示例：

方案1：记录成功消息并提交最后成功偏移量

ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));
Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsetsToCommit = new HashMap<>();for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {try {// 处理消息processMessage(record);// 记录成功处理的偏移量offsetsToCommit.put(new TopicPartition(record.topic(), record.partition()),new OffsetAndMetadata(record.offset() + 1) // 提交下一条要消费的偏移量);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("处理消息失败: {}", record, e);// 可以选择继续处理下一条或中断批量处理}
}// 手动提交成功处理的偏移量
if (!offsetsToCommit.isEmpty()) {consumer.commitSync(offsetsToCommit);
}

方案2：按分区处理并提交

ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));records.partitions().forEach(partition -> {List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> partitionRecords = records.records(partition);long lastSuccessOffset = -1;for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : partitionRecords) {try {processMessage(record);lastSuccessOffset = record.offset();} catch (Exception e) {log.error("处理消息失败: {}", record, e);break; // 分区内遇到错误则停止处理该分区剩余消息}}if (lastSuccessOffset >= 0) {consumer.commitSync(Collections.singletonMap(partition,new OffsetAndMetadata(lastSuccessOffset + 1)));}
});

方案3：使用事务处理

// 需要配置生产者 transactional.id 和 enable.idempotence=true
KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(props);
producer.initTransactions();ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));try {producer.beginTransaction();Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsetsToCommit = new HashMap<>();for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {try {// 处理消息并可能产生新的消息ProcessingResult result = processMessage(record);// 发送处理结果到下游主题producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("output-topic", result.getKey(), result.getValue()));// 记录偏移量offsetsToCommit.put(new TopicPartition(record.topic(), record.partition()),new OffsetAndMetadata(record.offset() + 1));} catch (Exception e) {log.error("处理消息失败: {}", record, e);// 可以选择继续或中断}}// 提交偏移量到事务producer.sendOffsetsToTransaction(offsetsToCommit, consumer.groupMetadata());producer.commitTransaction();
} catch (Exception e) {producer.abortTransaction();throw e;
}

方案4：使用死信队列(DLQ)处理失败消息

ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));
Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsetsToCommit = new HashMap<>();
KafkaProducer<String, String> dlqProducer = new KafkaProducer<>(dlqProps);for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {try {processMessage(record);offsetsToCommit.put(new TopicPartition(record.topic(), record.partition()),new OffsetAndMetadata(record.offset() + 1));} catch (Exception e) {log.error("处理消息失败，发送到DLQ: {}", record, e);// 发送失败消息到死信队列dlqProducer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("dlq-topic", record.key(), record.value()));// 仍然提交偏移量，因为失败消息已转移到DLQoffsetsToCommit.put(new TopicPartition(record.topic(), record.partition()),new OffsetAndMetadata(record.offset() + 1));}
}if (!offsetsToCommit.isEmpty()) {consumer.commitSync(offsetsToCommit);
}
dlqProducer.close();