2025年4月22日(平滑)
在学术和工程语境中,表达“平滑”需根据具体含义选择术语。以下是专业场景下的精准翻译及用法解析:
1. 数学/信号处理中的「平滑」(消除噪声)
-
Smooth (verb/noun/adjective)
- “Apply a Gaussian filter to smooth the noisy signal.”
- “The trajectory exhibits smooth convergence.”
-
Smoothing (noun)
- “Kalman filtering provides optimal smoothing of state estimates.”
-
专业术语扩展
- Low-pass filtering(低通滤波)
“Use a Butterworth filter for frequency-domain smoothing.” - Moving average(移动平均)
“A 5-point moving average reduces measurement jitter.”
- Low-pass filtering(低通滤波)
2. 控制/动力学中的「平滑」(无突变)
-
Continuous differentiability(连续可微)
- “The reference trajectory must be C²-smooth to avoid jerk.”
-
Bounded derivatives(有界导数)
- “Ensure smooth actuator commands by limiting dV/dt.”
-
工程场景用例
- Spline interpolation(样条插值)
“Cubic splines generate smooth paths between waypoints.” - Sigmoid transition(S型过渡)
“A sigmoid velocity profile prevents step changes in acceleration.”
- Spline interpolation(样条插值)
3. 优化/机器学习中的「平滑」
-
Convexity-related(凸性相关)
- “The loss function is L-smooth (Lipschitz-smooth).”
-
Regularization(正则化)
- “Laplacian smoothing mitigates overfitting in mesh models.”
-
算法示例
- Exponential smoothing(指数平滑)
“Holt-Winters method uses double exponential smoothing.”
- Exponential smoothing(指数平滑)
4. 避免歧义的替代表达
中文语义 | 英文精准对应 | 适用场景 |
---|---|---|
光滑(表面) | Polished / Glossy | 机械加工、材料科学 |
流畅(运动) | Fluid / Seamless | 机器人轨迹规划 |
缓变(参数) | Gradual / Monotonic | 控制系统调参 |
5. 经典论文用例
- “The smoothing spline algorithm minimizes the cost function:
[
J(f) = \sum (y_i - f(x_i))^2 + \lambda \int [f’'(x)]^2 dx
]
where (\lambda) controls the smoothness trade-off.”
(《The Elements of Statistical Learning》)
高频易错点
-
❌ “Make the curve more smooth.”
✅ 修正:“Increase the curve’s smoothness.”
(名词形式正确用法) -
❌ “This method is smooth.”
✅ 修正:“This method yields smooth outputs.”
(需明确平滑对象)
根据上下文选择最贴切的术语,可显著提升学术表达的准确性。