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0802api设计和实战-网络ajax请求1-react-仿低代码平台项目

news 来源：原创 2025/4/24 8:19:39

文章目录

- 1 API设计
- - 1.1 用户功能
  - - 1.1.1 获取用户信息
    - 1.1.2 注册
    - 1.1.3 登录
  - 1.2 问卷功能
  - - 1.2.1 获取单个问卷
    - 1.2.2 获取问卷列表
    - 1.2.3 创建问卷
    - 1.2.4 更新问卷
    - 1.2.5 批量彻底删除问卷
    - 1.2.6 复制问卷
  - 1.3 小结
- 2 实战
- - 2.1配置axios
  - 2.2 封装API和测试
  - 2.3 新建问卷
  - 2.4 自定义hooks封装获取问卷信息
  - 2.5 使用useRequest重构Ajax请求-统一处理
  - 2.6 开发问卷列表
  - 2.7 第三方hook抽离搜索功能
  - 2.8 开发星标和回收站
- 结语

1 API设计

1.1 用户功能

1.1.1 获取用户信息

method： get
path: /api/user/info
response:
- 成功：{errno: 0, data{...}}
- 失败：{errno: 10001, mes: 'xxx'}

1.1.2 注册

method： post
path: /api/user/register
request body: {username, password, nickname}
response: {errno: 0}

1.1.3 登录

method： post
path: /api/user/login
request body: {username, password}
response: {errno: 0, token}
- Token令牌:使用jwt

1.2 问卷功能

1.2.1 获取单个问卷

method： get
path: /api/question/:id
response: {errno: 0, data: {id, title,...}}

1.2.2 获取问卷列表

method： get
path: /api/question/
response: {errno: 0, data:{list:[{...}}

1.2.3 创建问卷

method： post
path: /api/question
request body: 暂无
response: {errno: 0, data: {id}}

1.2.4 更新问卷

method： patch
path: /api/question/:id
response: {errno: 0}

tips:删除是“假删除”，实际是更新isDeleted属性

1.2.5 批量彻底删除问卷

method： delete
path: /api/question
request body: {ids: [...]}
response: {errno: 0}

1.2.6 复制问卷

method： post
path: `/api/question/duplicate/:id``
response: {errno: 0, data: {id}}

1.3 小结

使用Restful API
用户验证使用JWT
统一返回格式:{errno, data, msg}

2 实战

2.1配置axios

src/services/request.ts基础代码如下：

import axios from "axios";const request = axios.create({timeout: 5000,
});export default request;

添加返回类型和统一错误出来，request.ts代码如下：

import axios from "axios";
import { message } from "antd";const request = axios.create({timeout: 5000,
});// response 拦截：统一处理errno和msg
request.interceptors.response.use(res => {const resData = (res.data || {}) as ResTypeconst {errno, data, msg} = resDataif (errno !== 0) {// 错误提示if (msg) {message.error(msg)}throw new Error(msg);}return data as any}
)
export default request;export type ResDataType = {[key: string]: any;
};export type ResType = {errno: number;data?: ResDataType;msg?: string;
};

2.2 封装API和测试

获取问卷信息API，src/api/question.ts代码如下：

import request, { ResDataType } from "../services/request";export async function getQuestionApi(id: string): Promise<ResDataType> {const url = `/api/question/${id}`;const data = (await request.get(url)) as ResDataType;return data;
}

src/pages/quesiton/Edit/index.tsx代码如下：

import { FC, useEffect} from "react";
import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { getQuestionApi } from "@/api/question";const Edit: FC = () => {const { id = "" } = useParams();// 获取问卷信息useEffect(()=> {async function fn() {const resData = await getQuestionApi(id)console.log(resData);}fn()}, [])return <div>Edit {id}</div>;
};export default Edit;

测试结果如下图所示：在这里插入图片描述

2.3 新建问卷

封装新建问卷API，question.ts代码如下：

import request, { ResDataType } from "../services/request";.../*** 新建问卷* @returns 问卷id*/
export async function createQuestionApi() {const url = `/api/question`;const data = (await request.post(url)) as ResDataType;return data;
}

ManageLayout.tsx中调用新建问卷，src/layouts/MangeLayout.tsx代码如下：

import { FC, useState } from "react";
import { Outlet, useNavigate, useLocation } from "react-router-dom";
import {PlusOutlined,BarsOutlined,StarOutlined,DeleteOutlined,
} from "@ant-design/icons";
import { Button, Space, Divider, message } from "antd";import { createQuestionApi } from "@/api/question";
import styles from "./ManageLayout.module.scss";const ManageLayout: FC = () => {const nav = useNavigate();const { pathname } = useLocation();const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)// 点击创建问卷async function handleCreateClick() {setLoading(true)const data = await  createQuestionApi()const {id} = data || {}if (id) {nav(`/question/edit/${id}`)message.success("创建成功")}setLoading(false)}return (<div className={styles.container}><div className={styles.left}><Space direction="vertical"><Buttontype="primary"size="large"icon={<PlusOutlined />}onClick={handleCreateClick}disabled={loading}>新建问卷</Button>...);
};export default ManageLayout;

tips：接口请求有延迟，防止用户连续点击按钮，触发重复操作，这里添加loading控制按钮，后续可以用封装好的“防抖”操作替换。

2.4 自定义hooks封装获取问卷信息

在编辑页和统计页都需要获取带加载状态的问卷信息，这里我们通过自定义hooks抽取公共部分，src/hooks/useLoadQuestionData.ts代码如下：

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";import { getQuestionApi } from "@/api/question";/*** 获取带加载状态的问卷信息* @returns loading状态，问卷信息*/
function useLoadQuestionData() {const { id = "" } = useParams();const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);const [questionData, setQuestionData] = useState({});useEffect(() => {async function fn() {const data = await getQuestionApi(id);setQuestionData(data);setLoading(false);}fn();}, []);return { loading, questionData };
}export default useLoadQuestionData;

编辑页src/pages/question/Edit/index.tsx代码改造如下：

import { FC } from "react";
import useLoadQuestionData from "@/hooks/useLoadQuestionData";const Edit: FC = () => {// 获取问卷信息const { loading, questionData } = useLoadQuestionData();return (<div><p>Edit page</p><div>{loading ? <p>loading</p> : <p>{JSON.stringify(questionData)}</p>}</div></div>);
};export default Edit;

2.5 使用useRequest重构Ajax请求-统一处理

第三方ahooks-useRequst 当前功能有：

自动/手动请求
轮询
防抖
节流
窗口聚焦刷新
错误重试
加载延迟
SWR(stale-while-revalidate)
缓存

由于接口请求，每次都需要定义loading,data,使用useEffect执行函数，很繁琐，这里我们使用第三方ahooks提供的useRequest简化。

改造自定义hook-useLoadQuestionData,useLoadQuestionData.ts代码如下：

import { useParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { useRequest } from "ahooks";
import { getQuestionApi } from "@/api/question";/*** 获取带加载状态的问卷信息* @returns loading状态，问卷信息*/
function useLoadQuestionData() {const { id = "" } = useParams();async function load() {const data = await getQuestionApi(id);return data;}const { loading, data, error } = useRequest(load);return { loading, data, error };
}export default useLoadQuestionData;

改造创建问卷，ManageLayout.tsx代码如下：

import { FC, useState } from "react";
import { Outlet, useNavigate, useLocation } from "react-router-dom";
import {PlusOutlined,BarsOutlined,StarOutlined,DeleteOutlined,
} from "@ant-design/icons";
import { Button, Space, Divider, message } from "antd";import { createQuestionApi } from "@/api/question";
import styles from "./ManageLayout.module.scss";
import { useRequest } from "ahooks";const ManageLayout: FC = () => {const nav = useNavigate();const { pathname } = useLocation();// 点击创建问卷const {loading,// error,run: handleCreateClick,} = useRequest(createQuestionApi, {manual: true,onSuccess: (res) => {nav(`/question/edit/${res.id}`);message.success("创建成功");},});return (<div className={styles.container}><div className={styles.left}><Space direction="vertical"><Buttontype="primary"size="large"icon={<PlusOutlined />}onClick={handleCreateClick}disabled={loading}>新建问卷</Button>
...
};export default ManageLayout;

2.6 开发问卷列表

获取问卷列表mock接口 getQuestionList.js代码如下：

const Mock = require('mockjs');
const Random = Mock.Random;function getQuestionList(len = 10, isDeleted = false) {const list = [];for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {list.push({_id: Random.id(),title: Random.ctitle(),isPublished: Random.boolean(),isStar: Random.boolean(),answerCount: Random.natural(50, 100),createdAt: Random.datetime(),isDeleted})}return list;
}module.exports = getQuestionList;

question.js代码如下：

const Mock = require('mockjs')const getQuestionList = require("./data/getQuestionList")const Random = Mock.Randommodule.exports = [
...{// 获取问卷列表url: '/api/question',method: 'get',response() {return {errno: 0,data: {list: getQuestionList(),total: 100}}}},
]

question.ts api代码如下所示：

/*** 获取问卷列表* @returns 问卷列表数据*/
export async function getQuestionListApi() {const url = `/api/question`;const data = (await request.get(url)) as ResDataType;return data;
}

List.tsx调用接口代码如下所示：

import { FC } from "react";
// import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { useRequest, useTitle } from "ahooks";
import { Typography, Spin, Divider } from "antd";import QuestionCard from "@/components/QuestionCard";
import ListSearch from "@/components/ListSearch";
import { getQuestionListApi } from "@/api/question";
import styles from "./common.module.scss";const { Title } = Typography;const List: FC = () => {useTitle("调查问卷-我的问卷");// const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();// console.log("keyword", searchParams.get("keyword"));//问卷列表数据const { data = {}, loading } = useRequest(getQuestionListApi);const { list = [], total = 0 } = data;return (<><div className={styles.header}><div className={styles.left}><Title level={3}>我的问卷</Title></div><div className={styles.right}><ListSearch /></div></div><div className={styles.content}>{loading && (<div style={{ textAlign: "center" }}><Spin /></div>)}{!loading &&list.length > 0 &&list.map((q: any) => {const { _id } = q;return <QuestionCard key={_id} {...q} />;})}</div><div className={styles.footer}>loadingMore 上划加载更多</div></>);
};export default List;

2.7 第三方hook抽离搜索功能

在我的问卷、星标问卷和回收站都有搜索功能，有相同的逻辑，这里我们通过自定义hook抽离公共逻辑。自定义搜索hook-useLoadQuestionListData.ts代码如下所示：

import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { useRequest } from "ahooks";
import { getQuestionListApi } from "@/api/question";import { LIST_SEARCH_PARAM_KEY } from "@/constant";/*** 获取问卷列表* @returns 问卷列表*/
function useLoadQuestionListData() {const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();const keyword = searchParams.get(LIST_SEARCH_PARAM_KEY) || "";async function load() {const data = await getQuestionListApi({ keyword });return data;}const { loading, data, error } = useRequest(load, {refreshDeps: [searchParams],});return { loading, data, error };
}export default useLoadQuestionListData;

getQuestionListApi.ts如下所示：

import request, { ResDataType } from "../services/request";type SearchOption = {keyword: string;
};.../*** 获取问卷列表* @param opt 请求参数* @returns 问卷列表数据*/
export async function getQuestionListApi(opt: Partial<SearchOption>
): Promise<ResDataType> {const url = `/api/question`;const data = (await request.get(url, {params: opt})) as ResDataType;return data;
}

说明：

refreshDeps: useRequest 刷新依赖项，根据数组里面的变量重新执行useRequest
request.get(url, {params: opt})),params axios get请求传递参数，形式：url?a=b&b=1…

2.8 开发星标和回收站

星标问卷查询的数据 isStar=true;回收站查询的问卷列表isDeleted=true，我们需要扩展api接口参数。

useLoadQuestionListData.ts代码改造如下：

import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
import { useRequest } from "ahooks";
import { getQuestionListApi } from "@/api/question";import { LIST_SEARCH_PARAM_KEY } from "@/constant";type OptionType = {isStar: boolean;isDeleted: boolean;
};/*** 获取问卷列表* @returns 问卷列表*/
function useLoadQuestionListData(opt: Partial<OptionType>) {const { isStar, isDeleted } = opt;const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();const keyword = searchParams.get(LIST_SEARCH_PARAM_KEY) || "";async function load() {const data = await getQuestionListApi({ keyword, isStar, isDeleted });return data;}const { loading, data, error } = useRequest(load, {refreshDeps: [searchParams],});return { loading, data, error };
}export default useLoadQuestionListData;

星标问卷-Star.tsx代码如下所示：

import { FC } from "react";
import { useTitle } from "ahooks";
import { Typography, Empty, Spin } from "antd";import QuestionCard from "@/components/QuestionCard";
import ListSearch from "@/components/ListSearch";
import styles from "./common.module.scss";
import useLoadQuestionListData from "@/hooks/useLoadQuestionListData";const { Title } = Typography;const List: FC = () => {useTitle("调查问卷-星标问卷");//问卷列表数据const { data = {}, loading } = useLoadQuestionListData({ isStar: true });const { list = [], total = 0 } = data;return (<><div className={styles.header}><div className={styles.left}><Title level={3}>星标问卷</Title></div><div className={styles.right}><ListSearch /></div></div><div className={styles.content}>{loading && (<div style={{ textAlign: "center" }}><Spin /></div>)}{!loading && list.length === 0 && <Empty description="暂无数据" />}{!loading &&list.length > 0 &&list.map((q: any) => {const { _id } = q;return <QuestionCard key={_id} {...q} />;})}</div><div className={styles.footer}>分页</div></>);
};export default List;

回收站-Trash.tsx代码如下所示；

import { FC, useState } from "react";
import { useTitle } from "ahooks";
import {Typography,Empty,Table,Tag,Space,Button,Modal,message,Spin,
} from "antd";import { ExclamationCircleOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
import ListSearch from "../../components/ListSearch";
import styles from "./common.module.scss";
import useLoadQuestionListData from "@/hooks/useLoadQuestionListData";const { Title } = Typography;
const { confirm } = Modal;const List: FC = () => {useTitle("调查问卷-回收站");//问卷列表数据const { data = {}, loading } = useLoadQuestionListData({ isDeleted: true });const { list = [], total = 0 } = data;const columns = [{title: "标题",dataIndex: "title",},{title: "是否发布",dataIndex: "isPublished",render: (isPublished: boolean) =>isPublished ? <Tag color="processing">已发布</Tag> : <Tag>未发布</Tag>,},{title: "答卷",dataIndex: "answerCount",},{title: "创建时间",dataIndex: "createdAt",},];// 选择ids集合const [selectedIds, setSelectedIds] = useState<string[]>([]);function del() {confirm({title: "您确定要删除吗？",okText: "确定",cancelText: "取消",content: "删除以后不可找回！",icon: <ExclamationCircleOutlined />,onOk: () => message.success("删除成功"),});}const TableEle = (<><div style={{ marginBottom: "10px" }}><Space><Button type="primary" disabled={selectedIds.length === 0}>恢复</Button><Button danger disabled={selectedIds.length === 0} onClick={del}>彻底删除</Button></Space></div><TabledataSource={list}columns={columns}pagination={false}rowKey={(q: any) => q._id}rowSelection={{type: "checkbox",onChange: (selectRowKeys) => {setSelectedIds(selectRowKeys as string[]);},}}></Table></>);return (<><div className={styles.header}><div className={styles.left}><Title level={3}>回收站</Title></div><div className={styles.right}><ListSearch /></div></div><div className={styles.content}>{loading && (<div style={{ textAlign: "center" }}><Spin /></div>)}{!loading && list.length === 0 && <Empty description="暂无数据" />}{TableEle}</div><div className={styles.footer}>分页</div></>);
};export default List;

服务端星标问卷查询返回的isStar=true;回收站返回的isDeleted=true；

index.js代码如下所示：

...async function getRes(fn, ctx) {return new Promise(resolve => {setTimeout(() => {const res = fn(ctx)resolve(res)}, 500);})
}// 注册mock路由
mockList.forEach(item => {const {url, method, response} = itemrouter[method](url, async ctx => {const res = await getRes(response, ctx)ctx.body = res})
})...

question.js代码如下：

...{// 获取问卷列表url: '/api/question',method: 'get',response(ctx) {const { url = '' } = ctxconst isStar = url.indexOf('isStar=true') >= 0const isDeleted = url.indexOf('isDeleted=true') >= 0return {errno: 0,data: {list: getQuestionList({isStar, isDeleted}),total: 100}}}},
]

getQuestionList.js如下所示：

const Mock = require('mockjs');
const Random = Mock.Random;function getQuestionList(opt = {}) {const { len = 10, isStar, isDeleted } = optconst list = [];for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {list.push({_id: Random.id(),title: Random.ctitle(),isPublished: Random.boolean(),isStar: isStar || Random.boolean(),answerCount: Random.natural(50, 100),createdAt: Random.datetime(),isDeleted: isDeleted || Random.boolean()})}return list;
}module.exports = getQuestionList;