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Ubuntu 20.04 安装Docker 全过程

news 来源：原创 2025/4/24 10:20:00

1，设备信息

系统版本：Ubuntu 20.04.3

2，安装过程

2.1，检测卸载旧版本Docker ，未安装可不执行

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

2.2，更新

$ sudo apt-get update

2.3，安装依赖

$ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

2.4，安装证书

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

2.5，设置仓库

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

执行下列两步：

$ sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker*.list  
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3D5919B448457EE0

2.6，安装最新版Docker

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

若不成功，再次执行：

$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

2.7，修改/etc/docker/daemon.json

$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.1panelproxy.com","https://2a6bf1988cb6428c877f723ec7530dbc.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com","https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com","https://mirror.baidubce.com","https://your_preferred_mirror","https://dockerhub.icu","https://docker.registry.cyou","https://docker-cf.registry.cyou","https://dockercf.jsdelivr.fyi","https://docker.jsdelivr.fyi","https://dockertest.jsdelivr.fyi","https://mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://dockerproxy.com","https://mirror.baidubce.com","https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://docker.nju.edu.cn","https://docker.mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn","https://docker.rainbond.cc"]
}

$ sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload 
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

2.8，测试

$ sudo docker run hello-world

3，问题记录

问题1，安装报错：E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com ......containerd.io_1.7.27-1_amd64.deb

解决方法：

$ sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker*.list  
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3D5919B448457EE0

问题2，测试时报错：docker: Error response from daemon:

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)Run 'docker run --help' for more information

则执行2.7 步骤修改/etc/docker/daemon.json