小白学习java第15天:JDBC
1.数据库驱动
想一下我们之前是怎么操作数据库,是不是使用SQL语句对其mysql数据库管理系统,然后管理系统在进行数据库(硬盘文件里面的)进行操作。那么我现在想使用应用程序对其数据库进行操作,应该怎么办呢?
那么数据库驱动就是搭建在应用程序和数据库之间的桥梁!!!
2.JDBC
根据上面的图可以知道,不同的数据库就需要使用不同的数据库驱动进行操作,适合麻烦的,在java上面就需要使用不同的数据库驱动,是很不方便的!
sun公司为了简化开发人员对于数据库的操作,提供了(java操作数据库的)规范,俗称JDBC(java database conection顾名思义就是java与数据库的连接)
2.1JDBC下载
我使用的mysql版本是8.0,因此我需要下相关的java-connector 8.0.28相对来说稳定一点!
JDBC下载
2.2JDBC的第一个代码测试
2.2.1前期工作:
首先我们需要对其进行jar的导入,导入依赖,(先创建一个lib目录,然后添加进去就行!注意需要对lib右键里面的 add as library)
2.2.2开始编写代码:
数据库里面的表:
java里面的代码:
package com.xcl.test;import java.sql.*;public class Demo01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {//1.添加驱动(固定写法,加载驱动)Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");//2.用户信息和url//useUnicode=true(表示中文有效) &characterEncoding=utf8(编码要求) && useSSL=true(一些其他错误的警告)String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&&useSSL=true";String username = "root";String password = "123456";//3.连接成功,数据库对象(拿到了数据库对象,现在就可以对其进行操作数据库对象,connection就代表数据库)Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);//4.执行SQL对象Statement statement = connection.createStatement();//5.执行SQL对象去执行SQL,查看返回结果//SQL语句String sql = "select * from student";//执行结果ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);while (resultSet.next()){System.out.print("id=" + resultSet.getObject("id"));System.out.print("name=" + resultSet.getObject("name"));System.out.print("password=" + resultSet.getObject("password"));System.out.print("sex=" + resultSet.getObject("sex"));System.out.print("birthday=" + resultSet.getObject("birthday"));System.out.print("address=" + resultSet.getObject("address"));System.out.print("email=" + resultSet.getObject("email"));}//6.释放连接resultSet.close();statement.close();connection.close();}
}
分析一下:
2.2.3步骤:
1.注册驱动DriverManager
2.用户信息(用户名、密码)和url
url:
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&&useSSL=true"
格式:协议://主机地址:端口号/数据库名?参数1&参数2
3.获取数据库驱动对象,connection代表数据库,那就拥有数据的权利,(数据库设置自动提交
事务提交、事务回滚)
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);connection.commit();connection.rollback();connection.setAutoCommit(true);
4.具体sql执行类,上面我们有了数据库需要对于表进行操作还需要一个执行sql语句的类对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
然后就使用sql语句对其进行增删改查
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();statement.execute(); // 执行任何sql语句statement.executeUpdate(); //更新、插入、删除都是这个,显示的结果是受到影响的行数statement.executeQuery(); //查询操作返回的ResultSet
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3.JDBC的抽取
根据上面我们可以知道对于驱动和连接,以及释放资源都是固定,我们需要进行改变的就是statement对其进行增删改查(CURD),因此我们需要对其进行提取工具类以及重点介绍一下statement的操作!!!
3.1.首先我想对于文件的,我想避免耦合,因此我想写一个配置文件对其进行提取(写在一个.properties文件)
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&&useSSL=true username=root password=123456
3.2.上面是完成了一些文件的修改,我还行进一步简化就是我想创建一个工具类JDBCUnity
package com.xcl.test.Utils;import java.io.FileReader;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;public class JdbcUtils {private static String driver = null;private static String url = null;private static String username = null;private static String password = null;//创建一个静态代码块,在工具类之前就就加载好了static {try {//1.propertise集合类Properties properties = new Properties();//加载这个文件properties.load(new FileReader("D:\\javaLearn\\JDBC\\src\\dataBase.properties"));//开始获取文件里面的内容driver = properties.getProperty("driver");url = properties.getProperty("url");username = properties.getProperty("username");password = properties.getProperty("password");//然后就开始体现工具类里面的东西Class.forName("driver");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//获取连接public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);}//释放资源public static void close(Statement statement,Connection connection){//释放资源if (statement!=null){try {statement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (connection!=null){try {connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}public static void close(ResultSet resultSet,Statement statement,Connection connection){//释放资源if (resultSet!=null){try {resultSet.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (statement!=null){try {statement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (connection!=null){try {connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
3.3.那么我就简单进行测试一下(进行增删改查)
package com.xcl.test;import com.xcl.test.Utils.JdbcUtils;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;public class Demo02 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;ResultSet results = null;try {//获得连接connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//常见sql对象statement = connection.createStatement();//开始增删改查//添加
// String sqlAdd = "insert into student value ('12', '张三', '123456', '男', '1999-01-01', '北京', '123456@qq.com')";
// int i = statement.executeUpdate(sqlAdd);
// if (i > 0){
// System.out.println("添加成功");
// }//删除
// String sqlDelete = "delete from student where id = '12'";
// int i = statement.executeUpdate(sqlDelete);
// if (i > 0){
// System.out.println("删除成功");
// }//修改
// String sqlUpdate = "update student set name = '李四' where id = '11'";
// int i = statement.executeUpdate(sqlUpdate);
// if (i > 0){
// System.out.println("修改成功");
// }
//
// //查询String sqlQuery = "select * from student";results = statement.executeQuery(sqlQuery);while (results.next()){System.out.print("id=" + results.getObject("id"));System.out.print("name=" + results.getObject("name"));System.out.print("password=" + results.getObject("password"));System.out.print("sex=" + results.getObject("sex"));System.out.print("birthday=" + results.getObject("birthday"));System.out.print("address=" + results.getObject("address"));System.out.print("email=" + results.getObject("email"));System.out.println();}} catch (SQLException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {JdbcUtils.close(statement,connection);}}
}
4.SQL注入
SQL存在漏洞,会被攻击导致数据泄露。SQL会被拼接or,使得你查询语句where判断一直变成true,就可以盗取!!!
package com.xcl.test;import com.xcl.test.Utils.JdbcUtils;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;public class SQLError {//SQL注入public static void main(String[] args) {login("' or '1=1","' or '1=1");
// login("赵六","123456");}private static void login(String userName,String password) {Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;ResultSet results = null;try {//获得连接connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//常见sql对象statement = connection.createStatement();//查询String sqlQuery = "select * from student where name='"+userName+"' and password='"+password+"'";results = statement.executeQuery(sqlQuery);while (results.next()){System.out.print("id=" + results.getObject("id"));System.out.print("name=" + results.getObject("name"));System.out.print("password=" + results.getObject("password"));System.out.print("sex=" + results.getObject("sex"));System.out.print("birthday=" + results.getObject("birthday"));System.out.print("address=" + results.getObject("address"));System.out.print("email=" + results.getObject("email"));System.out.println();}} catch (SQLException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {JdbcUtils.close(statement,connection);}}
}
因此我们就需要更好的对象去先预处理这个东西
(主要就是进行预编译,里面输入的参数还用?先先代替就行)
步骤:
1.先用问号代替
2.然后进行填充
代码展示:
package com.xcl.test;import com.xcl.test.Utils.JdbcUtils;import java.sql.*;public class SQLError {//SQL注入public static void main(String[] args) {
// login("' or '1=1","' or '1=1");login("赵六","123456");}private static void login(String userName,String password) {Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;ResultSet results = null;try {//获得连接connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//常见sql对象
// statement = connection.createStatement();//查询String sqlQuery = "select * from student where name= ? and password= ?";PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sqlQuery);preparedStatement.setString(1,userName);preparedStatement.setString(2,password);results = preparedStatement.executeQuery();while (results.next()){System.out.print("id=" + results.getObject("id"));System.out.print("name=" + results.getObject("name"));System.out.print("password=" + results.getObject("password"));System.out.print("sex=" + results.getObject("sex"));System.out.print("birthday=" + results.getObject("birthday"));System.out.print("address=" + results.getObject("address"));System.out.print("email=" + results.getObject("email"));System.out.println();}} catch (SQLException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {JdbcUtils.close(statement,connection);}}
}
5.事务(在java里面表现事务)【这不是完整代码,里面还有工具类和数据库,只是给大家一个思路!】
package com.xcl.test;import com.xcl.test.Utils.JdbcUtils;import java.sql.*;public class TransactionDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection con = null;PreparedStatement ps = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;try {//连接con = JdbcUtils.getConnection();//关闭自动提交,之后不需要开启因为会自动开启事务con.setAutoCommit(false);//进行转账的修改String sql_A = "update account set money = money - 200 where name = 'A'";ps = con.prepareStatement(sql_A);ps.executeUpdate();String sql_B = "update account set money = money + 200 where name = 'B'";ps = con.prepareStatement(sql_B);ps.executeUpdate();//提交事务con.commit();System.out.println("转账成功!");} catch (SQLException e) {//失败后进行回滚try {con.rollback();} catch (SQLException ex) {throw new RuntimeException(ex);}throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {JdbcUtils.close(resultSet,ps,con);}}
}