基于Spring Boot，结合Redis缓存和RabbitMQ消息队列的站内信系统设计

1. 添加依赖

在pom.xml中添加必要的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- H2 Database (或你选择的其他数据库) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Redis Cache -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- RabbitMQ -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置文件

在application.properties中配置Redis和RabbitMQ：

# Redis Configuration
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379

# RabbitMQ Configuration
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

3. 数据模型

定义Message实体类：

package com.example.inbox.model;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Entity
public class Message {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String senderId;
    private String receiverId;
    private String subject;
    private String body;
    private LocalDateTime timestamp;
    private boolean read;

    // Getters and Setters
}

4. Repository接口

创建MessageRepository接口：

package com.example.inbox.repository;

import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface MessageRepository extends JpaRepository<Message, Long> {
}

5. Service层

在Service层中集成缓存和消息队列：

package com.example.inbox.service;

import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.repository.MessageRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class MessageService {

    @Autowired
    private MessageRepository messageRepository;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Cacheable(value = "messages", key = "#receiverId")
    public List<Message> getMessagesByReceiver(String receiverId) {
        return messageRepository.findByReceiverId(receiverId);
    }

    @CacheEvict(value = "messages", key = "#message.receiverId")
    public void sendMessage(Message message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("messageQueue", message);
    }
}

6. 消息监听器

创建一个监听器来处理来自RabbitMQ的消息：

package com.example.inbox.listener;

import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MessageListener {

    @Autowired
    private MessageService messageService;

    @RabbitListener(queues = "messageQueue")
    public void receiveMessage(Message message) {
        message.setTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());
        messageService.saveMessage(message);
    }
}

7. Controller

创建Controller来处理HTTP请求：

package com.example.inbox.controller;

import com.example.inbox.model.Message;
import com.example.inbox.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/messages")
public class MessageController {

    @Autowired
    private MessageService messageService;

    @GetMapping("/{receiverId}")
    public List<Message> getMessages(@PathVariable String receiverId) {
        return messageService.getMessagesByReceiver(receiverId);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public void sendMessage(@RequestBody Message message) {
        messageService.sendMessage(message);
    }
}