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ES中常用的Query和查询作用，以及SpringBoot使用实例

news 来源：原创 2025/4/22 7:14:10

ES中常用的Query和查询作用，以及 SpringBoot 使用实例

文章目录

ES中常用的Query和查询作用，以及 SpringBoot 使用实例
- - MatchAllQuery
  - TermQuery
  - BoolQuery
  - RangeQuery
  - MatchQuery
  - MultiMatchQuery
  - TermsQuery
  - PrefixQuery
  - WildcardQuery
  - RegexpQuery
  - FuzzyQuery
  - DisMaxQuery
  - ExistsQuery
  - GeoDistanceQuery
  - 查询文档总数

MatchAllQuery

作用：匹配索引中的所有文档。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void matchAllQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);for (SearchHit<YourDocumentType> hit : searchHits.getSearchHits()) {YourDocumentType document = hit.getContent();// 处理文档}
}

TermQuery

作用：精确匹配字段的特定值，不会对查询词进行分词。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void termQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.termQuery("fieldName", "exactValue"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

BoolQuery

作用：组合多个查询条件，通过 must、should、mustNot 等逻辑来筛选文档。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void boolQuery() {BoolQueryBuilder boolQuery = QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("field1", "value1")).should(QueryBuilders.termQuery("field2", "value2")).mustNot(QueryBuilders.termQuery("field3", "value3"));NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(boolQuery);SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

RangeQuery

作用：查询字段值在指定范围内的文档，适用于数字、日期等类型字段。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void rangeQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").gte(18).lte(60));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

MatchQuery

作用：对输入文本分词后在指定字段进行全文检索。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void matchQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("fieldName", "searchText"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

MultiMatchQuery

作用：在多个字段上执行与 MatchQuery 类似的全文检索。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void multiMatchQuery() {String[] fields = {"field1", "field2", "field3"};NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("searchText", fields));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

TermsQuery

作用：一次性查询字段的多个精确值。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void termsQuery() {List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();values.add("value1");values.add("value2");NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("fieldName", values));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

PrefixQuery

作用：查找字段值以指定前缀开头的文档。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void prefixQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.prefixQuery("fieldName", "prefixValue"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

WildcardQuery

作用：使用通配符*和?进行模糊查询。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void wildcardQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("fieldName", "wildcardValue*"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

RegexpQuery

作用：通过正则表达式匹配字段值。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void regexpQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.regexpQuery("fieldName", "regexpPattern"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

FuzzyQuery

作用：在一定编辑距离内查找与查询词相似的文档。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void fuzzyQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("fieldName", "fuzzyValue"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

DisMaxQuery

作用：将多个查询组合，取得分最高的作为文档得分。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.DisMaxQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void disMaxQuery() {DisMaxQueryBuilder disMaxQuery = new DisMaxQueryBuilder().add(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("field1", "value1")).add(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("field2", "value2"));NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(disMaxQuery);SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

ExistsQuery

作用：判断字段是否有值，有值的文档被匹配。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void existsQuery() {NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(QueryBuilders.existsQuery("fieldName"));SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

GeoDistanceQuery

作用：查询位于指定地理坐标点一定距离范围内的文档。
Spring Boot 实例：

import org.elasticsearch.index.query.GeoDistanceQueryBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.ElasticsearchOperations;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHit;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.SearchHits;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.core.query.NativeSearchQueryBuilder;@Autowired
private ElasticsearchOperations elasticsearchOperations;public void geoDistanceQuery() {GeoDistanceQueryBuilder geoQuery = QueryBuilders.geoDistanceQuery("location").point(37.7749, -122.4194).distance("10km");NativeSearchQueryBuilder queryBuilder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder().withQuery(geoQuery);SearchHits<YourDocumentType> searchHits = elasticsearchOperations.search(queryBuilder.build(), YourDocumentType.class);// 处理搜索结果
}

查询文档总数

以下是使用 Elasticsearch Java High Level REST Client 查询符合条件文档总数的示例代码：

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.action.count.CountRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.count.CountResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import java.io.IOException;public class ElasticsearchCountExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 创建RestHighLevelClient实例RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http")));try {// 创建CountRequest对象CountRequest countRequest = new CountRequest("your_index_name");// 设置查询条件，这里使用match查询作为示例countRequest.query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("your_field_name", "your_search_term"));// 执行计数请求CountResponse countResponse = client.count(countRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);long count = countResponse.getCount();System.out.println("符合条件的文档总数: " + count);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {client.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}