【英语语法】词法---连词

连词

连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的词类，用于表达逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果等）。
英语连词分为 并列连词 和 从属连词 两大类.

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1. 并列连词

连词	全称	功能	例句
For	原因（书面语）	表原因（≈ because）	I stayed home, for it rained.
And	和/并且	表并列或递进	She sings and dances.
Nor	也不	否定并列（需倒装）	He doesn’t cook, nor does he clean.
But	但是	表转折	It’s old, but it works.
Or	或者/否则	表选择或警告	Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
Yet	然而	表对比（≈ but）	She’s young, yet wise.
So	所以	表结果	It’s cold, so I wore a coat.

⚠️ 注意：

• 并列连词连接两个独立分句时，前面加逗号：
  ✗ I like tea and he likes coffee. → ✓ I like tea, and he likes coffee.
• nor 需搭配倒装结构：
  ✗ She doesn’t eat meat, nor she drinks milk. → ✓ She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk.

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2. 从属连词

引导从句（不能独立成句），依附于主句存在。

(1) 常见从属连词分类

类型	功能	常见连词
时间	说明动作时间关系	when, while, before, after, until, since
因果	表示原因或结果	because, since, as, so that, in order that
条件	提出假设或条件	if, unless, provided that, as long as
让步	表达对比或意外	although, though, even if, while
方式	描述动作方式	as if, as though, the way
地点	说明动作发生地点	where, wherever

(2) 从属连词用法示例

• 时间：She left before I arrived.
• 因果：He failed because he didn’t study.
• 条件：If it rains, we’ll stay home.
• 让步：Although it’s expensive, I bought it.
• 方式：He acted as if he knew nothing.

⚠️ 注意：

• 从句可位于主句前或后，但从句在前时需加逗号：
  ✓ Because he was tired, he slept early.
  ✓ He slept early because he was tired.

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3. 关联连词

成对出现的连词，连接平行结构：

连词组合	功能	例句
both…and	两者都	She is both smart and kind.
either…or	要么…要么	Either you go or I will.
neither…nor	既不…也不	Neither Tom nor Jerry came.
not only…but also	不仅…而且	He not only sings but also dances.
whether…or	是否/无论	I wonder whether to stay or leave.

⚠️ 注意：

• 需保持结构平行：
  ✗ She not only likes reading but also to write. → ✓ She not only likes reading but also writing.

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4. 连词的句法功能总结

连词类型	连接对象	例句
并列连词	独立分句/单词/短语	I like tea, but he prefers coffee.
从属连词	主句 + 从句	When she called, I was out.
关联连词	平行结构的单词/短语/分句	Neither John nor Mary was there.