数据结构:栈
栈:
栈的定义:
一种特殊的线性表,其只允许从其中一端进行删除和插入数据的操作,进行数据插入和删除的操作的一端叫做栈顶,另一端称为栈底,栈中的元素都遵循先出后进的原则
压栈:数据的插入操作叫做进栈/压栈/入栈,插入的数据在栈底。
出栈:数据的删除操作叫做出栈,出栈的数据在栈顶。
栈的使用:
栈的模拟实现:
知道了栈的功能后,我们模拟实现这些功能:
public class Mystack {int[] elem;//顶一个数组int usesize;//用来求栈内的有效元素的长度public Mystack(){//构造方法elem=new int[10];}private boolean isFull(){return elem.length==usesize;}public int push(int data){//入栈的方法if(isFull()){elem= Arrays.copyOf(elem,2*elem.length);}else{elem[usesize++]=data;}return data;}public int pop(){//出栈的方法if(Empty()){throw new EmptyException("栈内元素为空");//抛一个异常}int tem=elem[usesize-1];usesize--;return tem;}public int peek(){//获得栈顶的方法if(Empty()){throw new EmptyException("栈内元素为空");//抛一个异常}return elem[usesize-1];}public int size(){//求栈内有效元素的个数return usesize;}public boolean Empty(){//判断栈内是否为空return usesize==0;}
}
栈的应用场景:
问题1:括号匹配:
20. 有效的括号 - 力扣(LeetCode)
要求:
这个题,我们用栈来解决:
public boolean isValid(String s) {Stack<Character> stack=new Stack<Character>();for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++){//遍历字符串char ch=s.charAt(i);//拿到每单个括号if(ch=='(' || ch=='[' || ch=='{'){//判断是不是左括号stack.push(ch);}else{//不是左括号的情况if(stack.isEmpty()){//栈为空,但字符串没有遍历完return false;}if(ch==')'&&stack.peek()=='('||ch==']'&&stack.peek()=='['||ch=='}'&&stack.peek()=='{'){//判断左右括号是否匹配stack.pop();}else{//括号不匹配return false;}}}if(!stack.isEmpty()){//字符串遍历完了,但是栈中还有括号return false;}return true;}
问题2:逆波兰表达式求值:
150. 逆波兰表达式求值 - 力扣(LeetCode)
public int evalRPN(String[] tokens) {Stack<Integer> stack=new Stack<Integer>();for(String st : tokens){//开始遍历字符串if(!isoperter(st)){//如果不为运算符int x=Integer.parseInt(st);stack.push(x);}else{//遍历到数字字符时int x1=stack.pop();int x2=stack.pop();switch(st){case "+":stack.push(x2+x1);break;case "-":stack.push(x2-x1);break;case "*":stack.push(x2*x1);break;case "/":stack.push(x2/x1);break;}}}return stack.peek();//最后运算结果}private boolean isoperter(String ch){//判断字符是否是运算字符if(ch.equals("+")||ch.equals("-")||ch.equals("*")||ch.equals("/")){return true;}return false; }
问题3:栈的压入,弹出序列:
public boolean IsPopOrder (int[] pushV, int[] popV) {Stack<Integer> stack=new Stack<Integer>();int j=0;for(int i=0;i<pushV.length;i++){//遍历popVstack.push(pushV[i]);//压栈while(!stack.isEmpty()&&j<popV.length&&stack.peek()==popV[j]){//判断栈顶元素和popV[j]是否相同stack.pop();j++;}}return stack.isEmpty(); //栈是否为空,作为返回结果}
问题4:最小栈
155. 最小栈 - 力扣(LeetCode)
class MinStack {
Stack<Integer> stack;
Stack<Integer> minstack;public MinStack() {stack=new Stack<>();minstack =new Stack<>();}public void push(int val) {stack.push(val);if(minstack.isEmpty()){minstack.push(val);}else{if(val<=minstack.peek()){minstack.push(val);}}}public void pop() {if(stack.isEmpty()){return ;}int ret=stack.pop();if(minstack.isEmpty()){return ;}if(ret==minstack.peek()){minstack.pop();}}public int top() {if(stack.isEmpty()){return -1;}return stack.peek();}public int getMin() {if(minstack.isEmpty()){return -1;}return minstack.peek();}
}