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k8s之 kube-prometheus监控

news 来源：原创 2025/4/22 5:25:37

Kubernetes 中的 kube-prometheus 是一个基于 Prometheus Operator 的完整监控解决方案，它集成了 Prometheus、Alertmanager、Grafana 以及一系列预定义的监控规则和仪表盘，专为 Kubernetes 集群设计。

一、核心组件介绍

Prometheus Operator ：用于自动化管理 Prometheus 及其相关资源（如 ServiceMonitor、PodMonitor、PrometheusRule）
Prometheus：负责指标采集、存储和告警规则的评估
Alertmanager：处理 Prometheus 发送的告警，进行分组、去重、静默和通知（如邮件）
Grafana：提供预配置的监控仪表盘，可视化集群和应用指标
预定义监控规则：包含 Kubernetes 核心组件（API Server、kubelet、etcd 等）的告警规则和仪表盘配置

二、NFS存储部署

1.下载安装nfs和rpcbind

[root@master-2 ~]#  yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@master-2 ~]# mkdir -p /ifs/kubernetes
[root@master-2 ~]# chmod -R 777 /ifs/kubernetes
[root@master-2 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/ifs/kubernetes *(rw,no_root_squash,sync)#作为NFS的依赖服务，协调客户端与服务器端的通信
[root@master-3 ~]# yum -y install rpcbind

2.启动

[root@master-2 ~]# systemctl enable --now rpcbind
[root@master-2 ~]# systemctl enable --now nfs

3.测试nfs

#使配置生效
[root@master-2 ~]# exportfs -f
[root@master-2 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.91.19
Export list for 192.168.91.19:
/ifs/kubernetes *
#所有node查看nfs是否可以看到
[root@node-1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.91.19
Export list for 192.168.91.19:
/ifs/kubernetes *

4.部署动态存储

#下载相关安装包https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gZ3CCKadSyH80ZKxM30smg?pwd=2ayp #导入镜像[root@node-2 ~]# docker load -i nfs-client-provisioner.tar.gz #部署存储[root@master-1 nfs]# unzip nfs.zip 
Archive:  nfs.zipinflating: pvc.yaml                inflating: nfs-class.yaml          inflating: nfs-deployment.yaml     inflating: nfs-rabc.yaml [root@master-1 nfs]# ll
total 45024
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      225 Nov 20  2019 nfs-class.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1032 Mar 20 21:40 nfs-deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     1526 Nov 20  2019 nfs-rabc.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      223 Mar 31  2024 pvc.yaml#修改nfs的ip地址为自己的nfs地址额[root@master-1 nfs]# sed -i 's/192.168.91.18/192.168.91.19/g' nfs-deployment.yaml [root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl apply -f .[root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl get sc
NAME    PROVISIONER      RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
managed-nfs-storage   fuseim.pri/ifs   Delete          Immediate           false                  5s

三、部署监控系统

1.下载镜像和yaml文件

#1.下载
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1wTyT8DqH7_tS6wEWYFxVng?pwd=r6a5#2.解压
[root@master-1 ~]# tar xf monitor.1.23.tar.gz
[root@master-1 ~]# cd monitor/serviceMonitor#3.查看k8s组件ip是否正确，根据情况修改
[root@master-1 serviceMonitor]# ls | xargs grep 192.168.91
prometheus-EtcdService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.18
prometheus-EtcdService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.19
prometheus-EtcdService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.20
prometheus-kubeControllerManagerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.18
prometheus-kubeControllerManagerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.19
prometheus-kubeControllerManagerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.20
prometheus-KubeProxyService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.21
prometheus-KubeProxyService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.22
prometheus-kubeSchedulerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.18
prometheus-kubeSchedulerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.19
prometheus-kubeSchedulerService.yaml:  - ip: 192.168.91.20

2. 创建资源

#crd资源对象   prometheus-operator
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl create -f setup/
#监控
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f alertmanager/
#节点的资源
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f node-exporter/
#容器的资源使用率
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics/
#可视化界面
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f granfa/
#
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f prometheus/
[root@master-1 monitor]#  kubectl apply -f serviceMonitor/
[root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl get pods -n monitoring 
NAME                                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
alertmanager-main-0                   2/2     Running   0          39m
alertmanager-main-1                   2/2     Running   0          39m
alertmanager-main-2                   2/2     Running   0          39m
grafana-f44f5bd49-9zxtg               1/1     Running   0          38m
kube-state-metrics-6c8846558c-5ljt7   3/3     Running   0          38m
node-exporter-jcpmw                   2/2     Running   0          39m
node-exporter-jkmdt                   2/2     Running   0          39m
prometheus-k8s-0                      2/2     Running   0          38m
prometheus-k8s-1                      2/2     Running   0          38m
prometheus-operator-f59c8b954-vqbwg   2/2     Running   0          39m

3.解决pvc绑定问题

[root@master-1 nfs]# vim /etc/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.cfg
添加添加- --feature-gates=RemoveSelfLink=false
[root@master-1 nfs]# systemctl restart kube-apiserver

5.查看地址并访问

#grafana
[root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl get pod -A -o wide| grep grafana
monitoring    grafana-f44f5bd49-9zxtg                   1/1     Running   0             39m   172.17.14.8     node-2   <none>           <none>
[root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl get svc -A | grep grafana
monitoring    grafana                   NodePort    10.0.0.36    <none>        3000:38801/TCP          40m#页面访问并导入etcd和node-exporter模板
http://192.168.91.22:38801/
用户与密码: admin/admin#访问prometheus
[root@master-1 nfs]# kubectl get svc -A  | grep prometheus-k8s
monitoring    prometheus-k8s            NodePort    10.0.0.166   <none>        9090:49004/TCP,8080:34712/TCP               69m