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linux安装mysql数据库

news 来源：原创 2025/4/22 7:14:52

1.判断系统是多少位的

file /sbin/init

2.下载linux安装包

　　5.7.25.64位安装包链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/13vFuRikwJaI96K0AmUQXzg提取码：ga7h其他版本安装 去官网下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

3.创建mysql文件夹

mkdir /mysql

4.检查mysql文件是否存在

root@localhost mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.i686
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.i686 --nodeps

5.解压安装包

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

6.进行安装

1.rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]2.rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-test   ########################################### [100%]3.rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [100%]4.rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]5.rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]6.rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]1:mysql-community-devel  ########################################### [100%]7.rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm --nodepswarning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]package mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 is already installedMySQL8.0 安装报错问题1.安装server：rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]
file /etc/my.cnf from install of mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.56-2.el7.x86_642.出现以上问题在命令后面加上 --force --nodepsrpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodepswarning: mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%] 
Updating / installing... 
1:mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]

7.检查并启动mysql服务

1. service mysqld status输出mysqld is stopped2. service mysqld start输出Initializing MySQL database:                               [  OK  ]输出Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]3. service mysqld status输出mysqld (pid  3781) is running...

8. 登录mysql并修改密码

1.获取临时密码：more /var/log/mysqld.log | grep "A temporary password"2.登录：mysql -hlocalhost -p3.修改密码策略：设置密码长度： set global validate_password_policy=0;设置长度最低为：set global validate_password_length=4;设置保存：flush privileges;4.修改密码：set password=password('123456');设置保存：flush privileges;5.使用设置的密码登录：mysql -hlocalhost -p123456

9.设置mysql日志模式（开启日志模式后可以根据日志回滚数据）

1.检查日志是否开启，默认为off关闭show variables like 'log_bin';2.编辑/etc/my.cnf添加：log_bin=binary-logserver_id=13.重启mysql服务service mysqld restart4.检查日志是否开启show variables like 'log_bin';

安装mysql-8.0.22-linux-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz

1.将mysql-8.0.22-liunx-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz包放入 usr/local 文件夹，解压，重命名为mysql

解压： tar -xvf mysql-8.0.22-liunx-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz重命名： mv mysql-8.0.22-liunx-glibc2.12-i686.tar.xz mysql

2.进入usr/local目录下创建用户并授权

进入目录： cd /usr/local创建用户组： groupadd mysql创建用户：useradd -r -g mysql mysql授权： chown -R mysql:mysql ./

3.进入mysql目录下，创建data文件夹，初始化数据

创建文件夹： mkdir data初始化数据库： bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

在这里插入图片描述 4.修改mysql和mysql/data目录的用户

修改mysql文件夹权限： chown -R root:root ./修改data文件夹权限： chown -R mysql:mysql data

5.在support-files文件夹下创建my-default.cnf文件，配置权限，复制文件

进入文件夹： cd support-files/创建文件： touch my-default.cnf文件授权： chmod 777 ./my-default.cnf复制文件并重命名： cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

6.配置my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
tmpdir = /tmp
port = 5186
max_allowed_packet=32M
default-authentication-plugin = mysql_native_password
log_bin_trust_function_creators = ON
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

7.设置开机自启

进入 support-files目录： cd support-files复制文件： cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql设置： chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

8.注册服务

注册服务： chkconfig --add mysql没有注册服务命令：1. rpm -aq |grep chkconfig2. export PATH=/sbin:$PATH3. chkconfig4. echo $PATH5. PATH="$PATH":/sbin6. echo $PATH

9.查看是否成功

1. chkconfig --add mysql2. chkconfig --list mysql

10.配置Id.so.conf,配置环境变量

编辑Id.so.conf : vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加： /usr/local/mysql/lib：wq保存推出配置环境变量：vim /etc/profile新增内容：#MYSQL ENVIRONMENTexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib：wq保存推出执行： source /etc/profile

11.登录mysql数据库

启动服务： service mysql start登录mysql数据库： mysql -uroot -p修改mysql密码： alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';退出：exit

12.开启Navicat远程连接

登录： mysql -uroot -p进入数据库： use mysql查看用户信息： select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;授权用户可以远程登录： GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';立即生效： flush privileges;修改用户密码： ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';立即生效： FLUSH PRIVILEGES;退出： exit重启mysql服务： service mysql restart

授权报：ERROR 1410 (42000): You are not allowed to create a user with GRANT 错误

修改host: update user set host='%' where user='root';(执行2次)再执行：GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';

安装后navicat因为防火墙，连接不上mysql数据库报，报错10060：

centos7的防火墙相关：防火墙状态: firewall-cmd --state关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld.service禁止开机自动启动：systemctl disable firewalld.servicecentos7以下的防火墙相关：关闭防火墙： service iptables stop禁止开机自动启动： chkconfig iptables off