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Vmware esxi 给现有磁盘增加空间后并扩展系统里磁盘空间

news 来源：原创 2025/4/22 9:18:47

当前EXSI上虚拟机所在的单独数据磁盘空间满了，需要对空间进行扩容，我们先在主机对磁盘容量进行调整，然后在系统里面对磁盘空间进行拓展，这些操作需要保留数据并且不改变现有的磁盘格局。

遵循大致操作流程是：

1.先登录esxi host给对应的虚拟机，配置增加磁盘空间，从1T调整到1.5T
(最好重启一次，通过fdisk -l查看硬盘空间是否有变化)
2.扩展现有物理分区(使用parted工具分配新增加的剩余可用空间)
3.刷新现有物理卷
4.拓展现有逻辑卷
5.刷新文件系统大小

一、EXSI host增加磁盘空间

１.

２.进入虚拟机查看系统分区情况（检查容量是否增加）

# 查看磁盘中使用情况df -h# 查看当前系统的分区情况lsblk# 查看磁盘空间fdisk -l /dev/sdb

下面是对比图，调整空间后，从1 Tib -> 1.46 Tib，通过df -h查看文件系统大小没有变化

# 调整前root@ubuntu01:/# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 TiB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe75184a0Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 8e Linux LVM
root@cngscccw-vpd405:/# # 调整后(需要重启)root@ubuntu01:~# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.46 TiB, 1610612736000 bytes, 3145728000 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe75184a0Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 8e Linux LVM
root@cngscccw-vpd405:~#

二、扩展物理分区

使用parted工具分配剩余的可用空间

# 查看当前分区情况parted /dev/sdb print# 扩展第1个分区 /dev/sdb1parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%# 再次查看当前分区parted /dev/sdb print

下面是记录的操作过程

# 查看当前分区情况parted /dev/sdb printroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1611GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags1      1049kB  1100GB  1100GB  primary               lvmroot@ubuntu01:~# # 扩展第1个分区 /dev/sdb1parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.root@ubuntu01:~## 再次查看当前分区parted /dev/sdb print root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb print                             
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1611GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags1      1049kB  1611GB  1611GB  primary               lvmroot@ubuntu01:~#

我们可以看到物理分区从1100GB -> 1611GB

三、刷新物理卷pv

# 查看物理卷pvdisplay# 刷新物理卷pvresize /dev/sdb1# 再次查看物理卷pvdisplay

下面是记录的操作过程

# 查看物理卷pvdisplayroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/sdb1VG Name               database-vgPV Size               <1024.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiBAllocatable           yes PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              262143Free PE               2Allocated PE          262141PV UUID               ORA3sA-pBOe-aI8y-b2bH-Yri5-ozBX-ETtAZz--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/sda3VG Name               ubuntu-vgPV Size               <98.00 GiB / not usable 0   Allocatable           yes PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              25087Free PE               12544Allocated PE          12543PV UUID               szrK7P-7rOF-Hvm0-l3Tz-Nqjk-QH6W-hNU3dWroot@ubuntu01:~# # 刷新物理卷pvresize /dev/sdb1root@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# pvresize /dev/sdb1Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" changed1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
root@ubuntu01:~# # 再次查看物理卷pvdisplayroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/sdb1VG Name               database-vgPV Size               1.46 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiBAllocatable           yes PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              383999Free PE               121858Allocated PE          262141PV UUID               ORA3sA-pBOe-aI8y-b2bH-Yri5-ozBX-ETtAZz--- Physical volume ---PV Name               /dev/sda3VG Name               ubuntu-vgPV Size               <98.00 GiB / not usable 0   Allocatable           yes PE Size               4.00 MiBTotal PE              25087Free PE               12544Allocated PE          12543PV UUID               szrK7P-7rOF-Hvm0-l3Tz-Nqjk-QH6W-hNU3dWroot@ubuntu01:~#

我们可以看到物理卷/dev/sdb1的PV Size从<1024.00 GiB变成了 1.46 TiB

四、扩展逻辑分区lv

# 查看所有逻辑分区lvdisplay# 查看磁盘情况，确认要扩展的分区df -h# 扩展分区(保留5%空间用于后期做快照)lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/database# 确认逻辑分区扩展情况lvdisplay

下面是记录的操作过程

# 查看所有逻辑分区lvdisplayroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# lvdisplay--- Logical volume ---LV Path                /dev/database-vg/databaseLV Name                databaseVG Name                database-vgLV UUID                sRQwkS-iqaA-LYmR-DOeK-lmaD-H1Vm-vyGj8tLV Write Access        read/writeLV Creation host, time cngscccw-vpd405, 2024-09-10 16:24:40 +0800LV Status              available# open                 1LV Size                <1023.99 GiBCurrent LE             262141Segments               1Allocation             inheritRead ahead sectors     auto- currently set to     256Block device           253:0--- Logical volume ---LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lvLV Name                ubuntu-lvVG Name                ubuntu-vgLV UUID                F63iLA-jGl0-moDP-bxnw-4WRe-QqCJ-LtspuzLV Write Access        read/writeLV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-09-10 01:55:22 +0800LV Status              available# open                 1LV Size                <49.00 GiBCurrent LE             12543Segments               1Allocation             inheritRead ahead sectors     auto- currently set to     256Block device           253:1root@ubuntu01:~# # 扩展目标分区lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/databaseroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/databaseSize of logical volume database-vg/database changed from <1023.99 GiB (262141 extents) to 1.44 TiB (377907 extents).Logical volume database-vg/database successfully resized.
root@ubuntu01:~# # 再次查看逻辑分区lvdisplayroot@ubuntu01:~# lvdisplay--- Logical volume ---LV Path                /dev/database-vg/databaseLV Name                databaseVG Name                database-vgLV UUID                sRQwkS-iqaA-LYmR-DOeK-lmaD-H1Vm-vyGj8tLV Write Access        read/writeLV Creation host, time cngscccw-vpd405, 2024-09-10 16:24:40 +0800LV Status              available# open                 1LV Size                1.44 TiBCurrent LE             377907Segments               1Allocation             inheritRead ahead sectors     auto- currently set to     256Block device           253:0--- Logical volume ---LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lvLV Name                ubuntu-lvVG Name                ubuntu-vgLV UUID                F63iLA-jGl0-moDP-bxnw-4WRe-QqCJ-LtspuzLV Write Access        read/writeLV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-09-10 01:55:22 +0800LV Status              available# open                 1LV Size                <49.00 GiBCurrent LE             12543Segments               1Allocation             inheritRead ahead sectors     auto- currently set to     256Block device           253:1root@ubuntu01:~#

五、刷新文件系统

在调整逻辑分区后，但是df -h系统并未更新，需要调整文件系统大小以使用新分配的空间。

resize2fs命令针对文件系统ext2 ext3 ext4
xfs_growfs命令针对文件系统xfs
通过df -Th可以确认文件系统为 ext4

# 查看磁盘 确认文件系统为 ext4df -Th# 针对文件系统ext2 ext3 ext4 调整文件系统大小 使扩展生效resize2fs /dev/database-vg/database# 对于 XFS 文件系统xfs_growfs /dev/database-vg/database# 再次磁盘空间df -h

下面是记录的操作过程

# 查看磁盘root@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              1.6G  1.2M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   48G   13G   34G  28% /
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/mapper/database--vg-database 1007G  887G   70G  93% /database
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  245M  1.6G  14% /boot
tmpfs                              1.6G  4.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1001
root@ubuntu01:~# # 调整文件系统大小 使扩展生效resize2fs /dev/database-vg/databaseroot@ubuntu01:~# 
root@ubuntu01:~# resize2fs /dev/database-vg/database
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/database-vg/database is mounted on /database; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 128, new_desc_blocks = 185
The filesystem on /dev/database-vg/database is now 386976768 (4k) blocks long.root@ubuntu01:~# # 再次查看磁盘root@ubuntu01:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              1.6G  1.2M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   48G   13G   34G  28% /
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/mapper/database--vg-database  1.5T  887G  497G  65% /database
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  245M  1.6G  14% /boot
tmpfs                              1.6G  4.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1001
root@ubuntu01:~#

到此磁盘空间拓展完成。