英语中的介词（preposition）

英语中的介词（preposition）

Answer from Grok3!!!

of

The preposition “of” has several functions in English, depending on context. Here are the main ones:

(1) Possession or Belonging: Indicates ownership or association.
Example: “The book of John” (John owns the book).
(2) Part-Whole Relationship: Shows something is a part or component of a whole.
Example: “A piece of cake” (a portion from the whole cake).
(3) Quantity or Extent: Specifies amount, number, or scope.
Example: “A gallon of water” (measuring quantity).
(4) Description or Quality: Describes a characteristic or attribute.
Example: “A man of courage” (a man characterized by courage).
(5) Origin or Source: Indicates where something comes from.
Example: “A citizen of France” (originating from France).
(6) Subject-Object Relationship: Links an action or noun to its subject or object.
Example: “The love of music” (music is the object of love).
重点在of之前的单词，the love of music 重点在 love，the music of love 重点在 music
(7) Material or Composition: Specifies what something is made of.
Example: “A house of wood” (made from wood).
(8) Time or Place Reference: Marks a specific point or context.
Example: “The city of Rome” (refers to a specific place).

out

The preposition “out” has several functions in English, depending on context. Below, I outline its primary uses:
(1) Movement or Direction Away from an Interior:Indicates moving from inside to outside a place or space.
Example: “She walked out the door.”
(2) Exclusion or Removal:Shows something is taken away, omitted, or separated from a group or whole.
Example: “He was ruled out of the competition.”
(3) Source or Origin:Indicates the material, substance, or origin something is made from or derived from.
Example: “The sculpture was carved out of wood.”
(4) Result of Action or Process:Describes something produced or resulting from an action.
Example: “The plan came out of our discussion.”
(5) Motive or Cause:
Expresses the reason or motivation behind an action.
Example: “She helped him out of kindness.”
(6) Position Outside a Boundary:Refers to being beyond or outside a specific area or limit.
Example: “The ball went out of bounds.”
(7) Distribution or Dispensing:Indicates giving or spreading something to others.
Example: “They handed out flyers.”
Completion or Exhaustion:
(8) Suggests using up or finishing something entirely.
Example: “We ran out of time.”
Expression or Manifestation:
(9) Describes something being expressed or revealed openly.
Example: “He cried out in pain.”
(10) Non-Standard or Figurative Uses:Appears in idiomatic or phrasal verb constructions with varied meanings.
Example: “She figured it out” (solved or understood something).

off

prep.	从；离开；休息；休假
adv.	离；休息；休假；没有
int.	走开
adj.	不新鲜；变质；不礼貌；不热情
n.	起跑
v.	杀死（某人）

The preposition “off” has several functions in English, depending on context. Below is a numbered list of its primary functions, with brief explanations and examples:
Separation or Removal:
(1) Indicates moving something away from a surface, position, or connection.
Example: “She took the book off the shelf.”
(2) Disconnection or Detachment:Suggests a break or discontinuation from something.
Example: “He got off the phone.”
(3) Position Away from a Surface or Base:Describes a location not on or in contact with something.
Example: “The cat jumped off the table.”
(4) Source or Basis:Indicates something is derived or obtained from a source.
Example: “She lives off her investments.”
(5) Deviation or Departure:Shows moving away from a path, norm, or standard.
Example: “The car veered off the road.”
(6) Reduction or Cessation:Suggests stopping or diminishing something.
Example: “They called off the meeting.”
(7) Informal Cause or Motivation:Indicates the reason or trigger for an action (often in phrasal verbs).
Example: “She showed off her new dress” (motivated to display).
(8) Non-Standard or Figurative Uses:Appears in idiomatic expressions or phrasal verbs with varied meanings.
Example: “He shrugged it off” (dismissed it casually，不以为然).
Example: “Jimmy and I hit it off” (一拍即合).

caution：off 还有很多作 adv. 的用法，用来强调动作的彻底性、高强度或极端程度。此时的 “off” 没有实际空间意义（比如“离开”），而是作为强调成分，让短语显得更生动、夸张。比如： “work one’s ass off” 是一个俚语表达，意思是 “拼命工作、非常努力”（甚至到精疲力竭的程度）。 “off” 在这里的作用是加强语气，类似其他短语中的用法，比如：

• “burn off”（烧光）
• “wear off”（磨损掉）
  • “beat the competition off”（彻底击败对手）
    “off” 暗示一种“完全、彻底”的状态，比如“把屁股都累掉了”（夸张说法）。 类似表达：
• “work his butt off”（同样表示拼命工作）
• “sing his heart off”（放声高歌）
• “laugh her head off”（笑到头掉）
  例句：
• He’s been working his ass off to finish the project.
  （他为了完成这个项目一直在拼命工作。）

as

as 词性比较多

prep.
像；如同；作为；当作
adv.
(比较时用)像…一样，如同；(指事情以同样的方式发生)和…一样
conj.
当…时；随着；照…方式；因为；由于；正如；尽管

1、作为连词的用法：
(1)as 作为连词,可以引导一个时间状语从句,表示两个动作同时发生或者一个动作随着另一个动作的发生而展开。

2、作为副词的用法

as

The word “away” is primarily an adverb, not a preposition, but it can function in ways that resemble prepositional phrases when combined with verbs or used in specific contexts,like away from(prep.)

adv.向远处，远离；不在，离开；在别处；继续不断地；直到完全消失；向另一方向
adj.（球队比赛）客场的
n.客场比赛，客场的胜利

(1) Movement or Direction from a Place:Indicates motion or distance away from a specific location or point.
Example: “She walked away from the house.”
Note: Here, “away” is an adverb modifying “walked,” often paired with the preposition “from” to specify the starting point.
(2) Separation or Removal:Suggests creating distance or detaching from something, physically or figuratively.
Example: “He threw the trash away.”
Note: “Away” as an adverb indicates the act of removal, often in phrasal verbs like “throw away.”
(3) Absence or Non-Presence:Describes being at a distance or not present at a location.
Example: “The boss is away for the week.”
Note: “Away” indicates the state of being elsewhere, not at the reference point.
(4) Continuous or Persistent Action (Colloquial):Suggests ongoing activity when used with verbs, often implying effort or continuation.
Example: “She kept working away at the project.”
Note: “Away” as an adverb emphasizes the persistence of the action.
(5) Disappearance or Elimination:Indicates something fading, vanishing, or being removed entirely.
Example: “The stain washed away.”
Note: “Away” conveys the result of the action, often in phrasal verbs like “wash away.”
(6) Figurative Distance or Avoidance:Used in expressions to indicate emotional, mental, or situational distancing.
Example: “He stayed away from trouble.”
Note: “Away” (with “from”) suggests deliberate avoidance, functioning adverbially with the preposition “from.”

out

adv. 从（某个数目或集）中；出, 向外；（从…里）出来；没有, 缺少 ；因为, 出于；在外, 在室外, 不在家, 不在办公室；迄今为止, 存在着；（日、月、星辰）出现, 未被云遮住；脱离, 离开；公开, 发行；除掉, 清除；熄灭；离开（某地）边缘, 远离（某地或陆地）；出局；殆尽, 至灭绝；大声地；出界；完全地, 彻底地；在退潮期, 退潮；（表示来源）从, 用…制作；不在图书馆, 已借出；在罢工中；<非正式>已公开同性恋身份
adj. 错误的, 不准确的；损失的, 亏蚀的；不可能的, 不能接受的, 不值得考虑的；（灯等）熄灭的；不时髦的, 过时的；出局的, 界外的；不允许的, 不准的；罢工的；不在家的, 缺席的；昏迷的；（花）盛开的；不执政的, 在野的；<美口>公开同性恋身份的
n. 外面, 外部；<主美>脱身之计, 出路；出局；瑕疵, 缺点；界外球；<英>付出款（尤指税款）；在野派, 在野者；没有地位的人, 无权的人；回避的方法
v. 使（击球员）出局, 淘汰；驱逐, 赶出；使熄灭；<英俚>（拳击中）击倒, 击昏；打球出界；<口>揭露（名人等）的同性恋身份
prep. 从…里面；从…中出来；<口>沿着…的路线
int. (interjection 感叹词)走开, 滚蛋 ；<古>（表示愤怒、斥责、厌恶等）呸,可耻；通话完毕

like

v.喜欢(以某种方式制作或产生的东西)；想，想要，希望；想；要；希望；喜欢做；（用于否定句）愿做
prep.像；例如；类似；像…一样；相似；(询问意见)…怎么样；像…才会；(指某人常做的事)符合…的特点
conj.好像；似乎；如同；仿佛
n.(尤指被视为和某人或某事物一样好的)种类；喜好；类似的人(或物)
adj.类似的；相似的
adv.可能；如；他说；她说；(非正式口语)我说；(非正式口语，代替as)和…一样；(非正式口语，思考说下句话、解释或举例时用)大概

without

prep.没有；不（做某事）；不用；不带；缺乏；不拿；不和…在一起；无…相伴
adv.没有；缺乏
conj.如果不
n.外面

either

det./pron. (两者中的)任何一个；(两者中的)每个，各方
adv. (补充时说)而且；(对两事物的选择)要么…要么，不是…就是，或者…或者；(用于否定词组后)也
adj. 两者之一的；(两者之中)随便哪一个的；两者中任何一方的
conj. …呢还是…

either并没有介词词性。

either…or… 要么…要么…、或者…或者…

neither

adv. (否定的陈述同样适用于其他人或物)也不；(否定的陈述适用于两方面)既不…也不…
det./pron. 两者都不
conj. 也不
adj. (两者)都不的

neither并没有介词词性。

neither…nor… 既不…也不…