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Debian12生产环境配置笔记

news 来源：原创 2025/4/28 1:59:02

在 Debian 12 上进行生产环境配置的详细步骤，涵盖软件更新、基础软件安装、Docker 及 Redis 部署，以及 Nginx 配置多个虚拟主机等内容。所有命令均以 root 用户身份执行，无需添加 sudo
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1. 更新软件

首先，确保系统上的所有软件包列表是最新的，并升级已安装的软件包。

apt update
apt upgrade -y

2. 安装Git、Python、Screen、Nginx等工具

apt install build-essential  python3 python3-pip git screen nginx -y

配置pip

pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

配置git

# 配置ssh  如上图
ssh-keygen #按3下回车
cd ~/.ssh

cat id_rsa.pub
#把公钥放到git平台上
# 配置用户名和邮箱
git config --global user.name 'xuehu96'
git config --global user.email 'xuehu96@xxx.com'

3. 安装Golang编译环境

mkdir go
cd go
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.24.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf go1.24.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir src bin pkg
cd 
vi ~/.bashrc

在.bashrc最后一行添加：export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/go/bin

source ~/.bashrc
go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

4. 安装Docker并启动Redis

# Add Docker's official GPG key:
apt-get update
apt-get install ca-certificates curl
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
  
apt-get update

apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

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速度还可以，再配置以下加速
nano /etc/docker/daemon.json

阿里：
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
腾讯：
{
   "registry-mirrors": [
   "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
  ]
}

重启一下

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

Docker启动一个redis服务器，端口6379

docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -v /data/redis:/data -d redis --appendonly yes

docker ps

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5. 配置Nginx

systemctl enable nginx

配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user  root;
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
# pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
    multi_accept on;
	use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    directio 4m;
    tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    gzip  on;

    #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/xxxx/*;
}