Python+Selenium+Pytest+Allure PO模式UI自动化框架

一、框架结构

• allure-report：测试报告
• base：定位元素封装
• data：数据
• log：日志文件
• page：页面封装文件夹
• report：缓存报告
• testcases：测试用例层
• utils：工具类
• run.py：执行文件

二、封装类

base.py

import datetime
import timefrom selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from utils.log_util import loggerclass BasePage:def __init__(self, driver):self.driver = driverself.driver.maximize_window()self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # 隐式等待self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)  # 显示等待self.actions = ActionChains(self.driver)  # 鼠标动作链初始化# 这是基础的find_element封装# def find_element(self, locator):#     logger.info(f"当前定位{locator}")#     return self.driver.find_element(*locator)def find_element(self, locator, condition='visibility', retry=1):""":param locator: 元素定位信息:param condition: 默认是visibility:param retry: 重试次数，默认是1，重试一次:return:"""for time in range(retry + 1):try:logger.info(f"定位元素{locator}")if condition == 'visibility':node = self.wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))else:node = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))return nodeexcept Exception as e:error_info = f"{locator}定位失败，错误信息{e}"logger.error(error_info)if time < retry:logger.info(f"正在重新定位，当前重试次数:{time + 1}")else:raise Exception(error_info)def find_elements(self, locator, retry=1):"""返回列表节点:param locator: 元素定位信息:param retry: 重试次数，默认是1，重试一次:return:"""for time in range(retry + 1):try:logger.info(f"定位元素{locator}")node = self.wait.until(lambda x: x.find_elements(*locator))return nodeexcept Exception as e:error_info = f"{locator}定位失败，错误信息{e}"logger.error(error_info)if time < retry:logger.info(f"正在重新定位，当前重试次数:{time + 1}")else:raise Exception(error_info)def send_keys(self, locator, value, enter=False):"""封装输入内容函数:param locator: 元素定位信息:param value: 输入项的内容:return:"""# 1. 先定位元素node = self.find_element(locator)# 2. 清空输入框node.clear()# 3. 输入内容node.send_keys(value)logger.info(f"输入内容为：{value}")if enter:# 调用键盘的回车键node.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)logger.info("点击回车键")def click(self, locator):"""定位元素并点击:param locator: 元素定位信息:return:"""# 1. 先定位元素node = self.find_element(locator)# 2. 点击node.click()logger.info("点击按钮")def get_url(self, url=''):"""请求url:param url: 网址:return:"""self.driver.get(url)logger.info(f"打开网址{url}")def close_driver(self):"""关闭浏览器:return:"""logger.info("关闭浏览器")self.driver.close()def quit_driver(self):"""退出浏览器:return:"""logger.info("退出浏览器")self.driver.quit()def refresh(self):"""刷新浏览器:return:"""self.driver.refresh()logger.info("刷新浏览器")def switch_to_window(self, to_parent_window=False):"""切换窗口:param to_parent_window: 是否回到主窗口:return:"""total = self.driver.window_handlesif to_parent_window:# 切换到主窗口self.driver.switch_to.window(total[0])else:# 获取当前窗口current_window = self.driver.current_window_handlefor window in total:if window != current_window:logger.info("切换窗口")self.driver.switch_to.window(window)def get_title(self):"""获取网页title:return:"""return self.driver.titledef get_current_url(self):"""获取当前的URL:return:"""return self.driver.current_urldef get_page_source(self):"""获取网页源代码:return:"""return self.driver.page_sourcedef get_text(self, locator):"""获取元素的文本内容:param locator: 元素定位信息:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)text = ele.textif text == "":text = ele.accessible_namelogger.info(f"元素{locator}的text为{text}")return textdef move_to_element(self, locator):"""鼠标移动到指定位置:param locator: 指定位置:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)self.actions.move_to_element(ele).perform()logger.info(f"鼠标移动到{locator}位置")def drag_and_drop(self, locator_start, locator_end):"""鼠标拖动元素到另一个元素:param locator_start: 元素开始位置:param locator_end: 元素结束位置:return:"""start = self.find_element(locator_start)end = self.find_element(locator_end)self.actions.drag_and_drop(start, end).perform()logger.info(f"鼠标从{locator_start}拖动到{locator_end}")def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, locator, x, y):"""拖动一段距离:param locator: 拖动的元素:param x: x距离:param y: y距离:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)self.actions.drag_and_drop_by_offset(ele, x, y)logger.info("鼠标拖动一段距离")def select_by_index(self, locator, index):"""根据下标获取select:param locator: 元素定位信息:param index: 下标，从0开始:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)select = Select(ele)select.select_by_index(index)logger.info(f"根据下表{index}获取select")def select_by_value(self, locator, value):"""根据value值获取select:param locator: 元素定位信息:param value: value值:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)select = Select(ele)select.select_by_value(value)logger.info(f"根据下表{value}获取select")def select_by_visible_text(self, locator, visible_text):"""根据visible_text值获取select:param locator: 元素定位信息:param visible_text: visible_text值:return:"""ele = self.find_element(locator)select = Select(ele)select.select_by_visible_text(visible_text)logger.info(f"根据下表{visible_text}获取select")# 等待元素存在def wait_ele_presence(self, locator, center=True):"""     知识点解析：#scrollIntoView:# 如果为true，元素的顶端将和其所在滚动区的可视区域的顶端对齐。# 如果为false，元素的底端将和其所在滚动区的可视区域的底端对齐。#scrollIntoViewIfNeeded:#如果为true，则元素将在其所在滚动区的可视区域中居中对其。# 如果为false，则元素将与其所在滚动区的可视区域最近的边缘对齐。 根据可见区域最靠近元素的哪个边缘，# 元素的顶部将与可见区域的顶部边缘对准，或者元素的底部边缘将与可见区域的底部边缘对准。"""try:start = datetime.datetime.now()ele = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))end = datetime.datetime.now()logger.info("元素{}已存在，等待{}秒".format(locator, (end - start).seconds))self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoViewIfNeeded(arguments[1]);", ele, center)return eleexcept Exception:logger.error("元素不存在-{}".format(locator))raisedef execute_js(self, element):self.driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)def switch_to_frame(self, index=0, to_parent_frame=False, to_default_frame=False):"""切换到不同的frame框架:param index: expect by frame index value or id or name or element:param to_parent_frame: 是否切换到上一个frame，默认False:param to_default_frame: 是否切换到最上层的frame，默认False:return:"""if to_parent_frame:self.driver.switch_to.parent_frame()elif to_default_frame:self.driver.switch_to.default_content()else:self.driver.switch_to.frame(index)logger.info(f'切换frame，to：{index}')def popup_window_operation(self, action='yes', send_info='', get_window_info=False):"""弹窗操作:param action: 要执行的动作，yes or no:param send_info: 在弹窗的文本框内输入信息:param get_window_info: 获取弹窗的文本信息:return:"""if self.wait.until(EC.alert_is_present()):if send_info:logger.info(f'在弹窗上输入信息：{send_info}')self.driver.switch_to.alert.send_keys(send_info)if get_window_info:popup_info = self.driver.switch_to.alert.textlogger.info(f'获取弹窗的文本信息：{popup_info}')return popup_infoif action == 'yes':logger.info('在弹窗上点击确认')self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()  # 点击确认else:logger.info('在弹窗上点击取消')self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()  # 点击取消def page_scrolling(self, go_to_bottom=False, rolling_distance=(0, 1000)):"""页面滚动，如果没有滚动效果，添加延时（页面需要全部加载完毕才能滚动）:param bool go_to_bottom: 是否直接滚动到当前页面的最底部，默认False:param tuple rolling_distance: 滚动距离，默认是向下滚动1000像素:return:"""if go_to_bottom:js = "window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)"else:js = "window.scrollBy({}, {})".format(rolling_distance[0], rolling_distance[1])self.driver.execute_script(js)logger.debug(f'页面滚动完毕')def back(self):"""网页后退"""self.driver.back()logger.debug('网页后退')def forward(self):"""网页前进"""self.driver.forward()logger.debug('网页前进')# 获取元素的属性def get_ele_attribute(self, locator, name, center=True):ele = self.wait_ele_presence(locator, center)try:value = ele.get_attribute(name)logger.info("元素{}的{}属性-{}".format(locator, name, value))return valueexcept:logger.error("元素获取属性{}失败-{}".format(name, locator))raise

page 文件

user_page.py示例

import allure
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from base.base_page import BasePage
from testcases.user_center.conftest import delete_user, delete_code
from utils.assert_util import assert_compare"""
后台登录商户余额审核
"""
class UserPage(BasePage):# 选择城市login_city = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/button/span')# 选择全部取消click_all = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div/div[2]/div/div/div[6]/div/div[2]/form/div/div/div[2]/label/span[1]/span')# 选择自营深圳click_sz = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div/div[2]/div/div/div[6]/div/div[2]/form/div/div/div[3]/div[1]/div/div/div/label[7]/span[1]/span')# 点击确认click_confir= (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div/div[2]/div/div/div[6]/div/div[3]/div/button[2]/span')# 用户列表-手机号搜索phone_serch = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/form/div[2]/div/div/input')def login(self):self.get_url("https://XXXX/?#/login")self.send_keys(self.login_account, "admin")self.send_keys(self.login_password, "123456")self.send_keys(self.login_code, 1)self.click(self.login_btn)

testcese 文件

test_user.py示例

import time
import allure
import pytest
from page.user_page import UserPage
# from testcases.user_center.conftest import delete_user, delete_code
from utils.assert_util import assert_compare
# from utils.mysql_util import db
from utils.read import [e-mail]("财务余额调控")
@allure.feature("余额调控")
@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
class TestUser:@allure.title("用户登录")@pytest.mark.parametrize('data', read_yaml()['user_login'])def test_user_login(self, driver_project, data):username, password,code = str(data['username']), str(data['password']),str(data['code'])page = UserPage(driver_project)page.get_url('https://XXXXX/?#/login')# page.refresh()page.send_keys(page.login_account, username)page.send_keys(page.login_password, password)page.send_keys(page.login_code, code)page.click(page.login_btn)time.sleep(3)

• conftest.py文件

import allure
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from utils.get_filepath import get_screen_shot_path
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
options = Options()
options.binary_location = r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
service = Service(r'C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe')
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")try:driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
except WebDriverException as e:print("完整错误信息:", e.msg)with open("error.log", "w") as f:f.write(str(e))@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def driver_project():global driverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.maximize_window()driver.get("https://XXXXX/?#/login")# print(driver.page_source)print("打开浏览器")yield driverprint("关闭浏览器")driver.close()driver.quit()# 钩子函数，结果
@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True, tryfirst=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):""":param item: 代表测试函数或方法，包含测试相关的信心，比如名称，位置，标记:param call: 包含测试函数执行的详细信息，比如结果，执行时间:return:when = setup:前置when = call:执行测试用例when = teardown:后置"""print("=========================")# 获取钩子函数的结果out = yield# 获取测试报告report = out.get_result()print(f"测试报告：{report}")print(f"步骤：{report.when}")print(f"nodeid：{report.nodeid}")print(f"运行结果：{report.outcome}")# 失败测试用例截图if report.when == 'call' and report.failed:# 保存到本地driver.save_screenshot(get_screen_shot_path())# 截图,get_screenshot_as_png二进制数据# 使用allure.attach将二进制数据附加到allure报告中allure.attach(driver.get_screenshot_as_png(), "用例执行失败截图", allure.attachment_type.PNG)

utils 文件夹

• assert_util.py

from utils.log_util import loggerdef assert_compare(expect, compare, actual):""":param expect: 预期结果:param compare: 断言方式:param actual: 实际结果:return:"""logger.info(f"预期结果:{expect} {compare} {actual}")try:if compare == "==":assert expect == actualelif compare == "!=":assert expect != actualelif compare == ">":assert expect > actualelif compare == "<":assert expect < actualelif compare == "in":assert expect in actualelse:try:raise NameError(f"{compare} 断言方式错误，请填写正确")except Exception as e:logger.error(e)raiselogger.info("断言成功")except AssertionError as e:logger.error(f"断言失败{e}")raise

• get_filepath.py

import os
import timedef get_report_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "allure-report/export",'prometheusData.txt')return pathdef get_screen_shot_path():file_name = "截图{}.png".format(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S"))path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "file", file_name)return pathdef get_logo_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "file", "logo.jpg")return pathdef download_file_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "file")return pathdef get_yaml_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "data", "data.yaml")return pathdef get_ini_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "config", "settings.ini")return pathdef get_log_path():path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))), "log")return pathif __name__ == '__main__':print(get_report_path())

• log_util.py

import logging
import os
import timefrom utils.get_filepath import get_log_pathlog_path = get_log_path()if not os.path.exists(log_path):os.mkdir(log_path)class Logger:def __init__(self):# 定义日志位置和文件名self.logname = os.path.join(log_path, "{}.log".format(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")))# 定义一个日志容器self.logger = logging.getLogger("log")# 设置日志打印的级别self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)# 创建日志输入的格式self.formater = logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s][%(filename)s %(lineno)d][%(levelname)s]: %(message)s')# 创建日志处理器，用来存放日志文件self.filelogger = logging.FileHandler(self.logname, mode='a', encoding="UTF-8")# 文件存放日志级别self.filelogger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)# 文件存放日志格式self.filelogger.setFormatter(self.formater)# 创建日志处理器，在控制台打印self.console = logging.StreamHandler()# 设置控制台打印日志界别self.console.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)# 控制台打印日志格式self.console.setFormatter(self.formater)# 将日志输出渠道添加到日志收集器中self.logger.addHandler(self.filelogger)self.logger.addHandler(self.console)logger = Logger().loggerif __name__ == '__main__':logger.debug("我打印DEBUG日志")logger.info("我打印INFO日志")logger.warning("我打印WARNING日志")logger.error("我打印ERROR日志")

• read.py

import configparserimport yamlfrom utils.get_filepath import get_yaml_path, get_ini_pathpath = get_yaml_path()
ini_path = get_ini_path()def read_yaml():with open(path, encoding="utf8") as f:data = yaml.safe_load(f)return datadef read_ini():config = configparser.ConfigParser()config.read(ini_path, encoding='utf8')return configif __name__ == '__main__':print(read_yaml())# print(read_ini()['mysql']['HOST'])

• pytest.ini

[pytest]
;使用testpaths指定测试用例运行目录或者运行文件
testpaths = testcases/official_website testcases/user_center testcases/reward_punish testcases/order_center
;mark标记
markers=pro:protest:testp1:p1addopts: -vs --alluredir ./report --clean-alluredir

• run.py

import pytestimport osif __name__ == '__main__':# 1.执行测试用例pytest.main()os.system("copy environment.properties  .\\report")# 2.生成报告os.system("allure generate report -o allure-report --clean")# 3.打开报告os.system("allure open allure-report")

三、测试报告

• 测试报告展示如图
  
• 报告详情展示