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springboot项目之websocket的坑：spring整合websocket后进行单元测试后报错的解决方案

news 来源：原创 2025/4/29 7:44:32

前排提醒：还是博主菜，见识短浅，没遇到过这个问题。。。

起因

前段时间学习websocket和sse，写demo用了spring框架。后来又写了新的spring单元测试类demo去测试，结果启动后报错，报错信息提示websocket的相关错误，大概意思时由于测试环境缺少WebSocket相关配置或依赖所导致。

报错信息


java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContextat org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124)at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:232)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:55)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'serverEndpointExecutor' defined in class path resource [com/realpractice/demo/config/WebSocketConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: javax.websocket.server.ServerContainer not availableat org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:745)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:420)at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:144)at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:141)at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:90)... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: javax.websocket.server.ServerContainer not availableat org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:76)at org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter.afterPropertiesSet(ServerEndpointExporter.java:107)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800)... 42 more

这是博主用的很简单的一个测试类：

import xxx.xxx.xxx.config.RedisConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.io.Serializable;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = RedisConfig.class) // 启用自定义配置
public class RedisTest {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;@Testpublic void test() {redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("test", "test");System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("test"));}
}

启动后报错：

刚开始有点懵，我都没测你websocket，你给我报个websocket的错。

学习一波。。。

根本原因是由于测试环境下没有websocket的环境，所以测试的时候需要注释掉它。并且测试中不选择让websocket加载有很多种方式，这个我们稍后再说。先来看看spring本身，既然报了websocket的错，说明spring本身去加载到了项目config目录下所有使用@Configuration注解的配置类。那么抛出我们第一个问题：为什么非 WebSocket 的测试类会加载 WebSocket 配置？

问题

为什么测试类会加载 WebSocket 配置？

这就不得不提到springboot的自动加载机制：

@SpringBootTest 会加载整个应用的上下文（包括所有 @Component, @Configuration, @Service 等）。

只要你的 WebSocketConfig 类被 @Configuration 或 @EnableWebSocket 标记，它就会被扫描并初始化。

那有的朋友又要问了，那我知道了springboot的自动加载机制，正常启动项目websocket也没错，为什么一使用测试就报错呢？不是说@SpringBootTest会加载整个应用的上下文吗？

嗯，博主看了下，原因好像是底层的依赖冲突，导致spring加载了错误的实现类。【详细原因的博主自己还没真正的测试过，就不妄下结论了。感兴趣的朋友直接浏览器搜索：“javax.websocket.server.ServerContainer not available”，跟着打波断点走下流程肯定能更明白整个逻辑】

多说一些关于sprngboot的相关知识把：

spring的组件扫描规则说白了就是"约定优于配置"的具体体现，即spring默认去加载所有可能的组件，减少显式配置。

还有一点是"上下文完整性"：即spring确保测试环境和生产环境一致，避免因部分组件未加载导致测试结果不准确。

但也会带来一些副作用：测试启动变慢和依赖耦合，导致最终加载了不必要的组件，可能因它的初始化失败导致整个测试类失败。